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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Deborah Bergfeld</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Matthias C. van Soest</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Mark Huebner</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>John Fitzpatrick</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Kinga M. Revesz</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>William C. Evans</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2006</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;A comprehensive geochemical survey of springs outside the northwest margin of the Yellowstone caldera was undertaken in 2003 and 2004. This survey was designed to detect: (1) active leakage from a huge reservoir of CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;gas recently postulated to extend from beneath the caldera into this area; and (2) lingering evidence for subsurface flow of magmatic fluids into this area during the 1985 seismic swarm and concomitant caldera subsidence. Spring temperatures are low (&amp;lt;&amp;nbsp;15&amp;nbsp;&amp;deg;C), but two large-discharge springs contain&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;C-dead carbon that can be identified as magmatic from calculated end-member values for&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;delta;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(dead)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;He/C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(dead)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of &amp;minus;&amp;nbsp;4&amp;permil; and 1&amp;nbsp;&amp;times;&amp;nbsp;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;&amp;nbsp;10&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;, respectively, similar to values for intra-caldera fumarolic and hot-spring gases. However, the combined discharge of magmatic C is only 5.4 tonnes/day, &amp;lt;&amp;nbsp;0.1% of the total output from Yellowstone. The two springs have slightly elevated&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;He/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;He ratios near 1&amp;nbsp;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and anomalous concentrations of Cl, Li, and B, and appear to represent minor leakage of gas-depleted, thermal waters out of the caldera. The small CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;signal detected in the springs is difficult to reconcile with a large underlying reservoir of gas in faulted and seismically active terrain. When considered with analyses from previous decades, the results provide no evidence to associate the ten-year period of caldera deflation that began in 1985 with expulsion of magmatic fluids through the caldera rim in this area.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.01.001</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Elsevier Science</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Geochemistry of low-temperature springs northwest of Yellowstone caldera: Seeking the link between seismicity, deformation, and fluid flow</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>