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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>William N. Herkelrath</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>James K. Otton</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Robert A. Zielinski</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2007</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Shallow ground water at US Geological Survey research site B in northeastern Oklahoma is contaminated with NaCl-rich brine from past and present oil production operations. Contaminated ground water provides a potential source of salts, metals, and hydrocarbons to sediment and water of adjacent Skiatook Lake. A former brine storage pit 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;m in diameter that is now submerged just offshore from site B provides an additional source of contamination. Cores of the upper 16–40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;cm of lake sediment were taken at the submerged brine pit, near an offshore saline seep, and at a location containing relatively uncontaminated lake sediment. Pore waters from each 2-cm interval were separated by centrifugation and analyzed for dissolved anions, cations, and trace elements. High concentrations of dissolved Cl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in pore waters (200–5000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;mg/L) provide the most direct evidence of contamination, and contrast sharply with an average value of only about 37&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;mg/L in Skiatook Lake. Chloride/Br&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;mass ratios of 220–240 in contaminated pore waters are comparable to values in contaminated well waters collected onshore. Dissolved concentrations of Se, Pb, Cu and Ni in Cl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;-rich pore waters exceed current US Environmental Protection Agency criteria for probable toxicity to aquatic life. At the submerged brine storage pit, the increase of Cl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;concentration with depth is consistent with diffusion-dominant transport from deeper contaminated sediments. Near the offshore saline seep, pore water Cl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;concentrations are consistently high and vary irregularly with depth, indicating probable Cl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;transport by layer-directed advective flow. Estimated annual contributions of Cl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;to the lake from the brine storage pit (∼20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;kg) and the offshore seep (∼9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;kg) can be applied to any number of similar sources. Generous estimates of the number of such sources at site B indicate minimal impact on water quality in the local inlet of Skiatook Lake. Similar methodologies can be applied at other sites of NaCl contamination surrounding Skiatook Lake and elsewhere.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.013</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Elsevier</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Composition of pore water in lake sediments, research site "B", Osage County, Oklahoma: Implications for lake water quality and benthic organisms</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>