<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>S. D. McCormick</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>D. Kircheis</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Kevin Johnson</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>R. Regal</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>T. Hrabik</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>T. Liebich</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2011</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The physiological effects of episodic pH fluctuations on Atlantic salmon&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Salmo salar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;smolts in eastern Maine, U.S.A., were investigated. During this study,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. salar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;smolts were exposed to ambient stream‐water chemistry conditions at nine sites in four catchments for 3 and 6 day intervals during the spring&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. salar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;smolt migration period. Plasma chloride, plasma glucose, gill aluminium and gill Na&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;‐ and K&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;‐ATPase levels in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. salar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;smolts were assessed in relation to ambient stream‐water chemistry during this migration period. Changes in both plasma chloride and plasma glucose levels of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. salar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;smolts were strongly correlated with stream pH, and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. salar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;smolt mortality occurred in one study site with ambient stream pH between 5·6 and 5·8 during the study period. The findings from this study suggest that physiological effects on&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. salar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;smolts are strongly correlated with stream pH and that in rivers and streams with low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations the threshold for physiological effects and mortality probably occurs at a higher pH and shorter exposure period than in rivers with higher DOC. Additionally, whenever an acidification event in which pH drops below 5·9 coincides with&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. salar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;smolt migration in eastern Maine rivers, there is potential for a significant reduction in plasma ions of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. salar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;smolts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03046.x</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Wiley</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Water chemistry and its effects on the physiology and survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>