S.O. Stefansson
S. D. McCormick
Bjorn Thrandur Bjornsson
2011
<p><span>Smolting is a hormone-driven developmental process that is adaptive for downstream migration and ocean survival and growth in anadromous <a title="Learn more about Salmonid from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/salmonid" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/salmonid">salmonids</a>. Smolting includes increased salinity tolerance, increased metabolism, downstream migratory and schooling behavior, silvering and darkened fin margins, and olfactory imprinting. These changes are promoted by growth hormone, </span><a title="Learn more about Insulin-Like Growth Factor from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/insulin-like-growth-factor" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/insulin-like-growth-factor">insulin-like growth factor</a><span> I, <a title="Learn more about Cortisol from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/cortisol" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/cortisol">cortisol</a>, thyroid hormones, whereas <a title="Learn more about Prolactin from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/prolactin" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/prolactin">prolactin</a> is inhibitory. <a title="Learn more about Photoperiodicity from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/photoperiodicity" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/photoperiodicity">Photoperiod</a> and temperature are critical environmental cues for <a title="Learn more about Smolt from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/smolt" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/smolt">smolt</a> development, and their relative importance will be critical in determining responses to future climate change. Most of our knowledge of the environmental control and endocrine mediation of smolting is based on laboratory and hatchery studies, yet there is emerging information on fish in the wild that indicates substantial differences. Such differences may arise from differences in environmental stimuli in artificial rearing environments, and may be critical to ocean survival and population sustainability. Endocrine disruptors, <a title="Learn more about Acidification from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/acidification" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/acidification">acidification</a> and other contaminants can perturb smolt development, resulting in poor survival after seawater entry.</span></p>
application/pdf
10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.07.003
en
Elsevier
Environmental endocrinology of salmon smoltification
article