M. Holz
A. Mexias
M. Balbinot
J. Levandowski
J. Willett
R. Finkelman
H. Burger
W. Kalkreuth
2010
<p id="sp0175">In Brazil economically important<span> </span><a title="Learn more about Coal Deposits from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/coal-deposits" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/coal-deposits">coal deposits</a><span> occur in the southern part of the Paraná Basin, where <a title="Learn more about Coal Seam from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/coal-seam" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/coal-seam">coal seams</a> occur in the <a title="Learn more about Permian from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/permian" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/permian">Permian</a> Rio Bonito Formation, with major coal development in the states of Rio Grande de Sul and Santa Catarina. The current paper presents results on sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the coal-bearing <a title="Learn more about Strata from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/strata" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/strata">strata</a>, and petrological and geochemical coal seam <a title="Learn more about Characterization from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/characterization" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/characterization">characterization</a> from the South Santa Catarina Coalfield, Paraná Basin.</span></p><p id="sp0180"><span>In terms of sequence stratigraphic interpretation the precursor <a title="Learn more about Mire from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/mire" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/mire">mires</a> of the Santa Catarina coal seams formed in an estuarine-barrier shoreface </span><a title="Learn more about Depositional Environment from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/depositional-environment" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/depositional-environment">depositional environment</a><span>, with major <a title="Learn more about Peat from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/peat" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/peat">peat</a> accumulation in a high stand systems tract (Pre-Bonito and Bonito seams), a <a title="Learn more about Lowstand from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/lowstand" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/lowstand">lowstand</a> systems tract (Ponta Alta seam, seam A, seam B) and a transgressive systems tract (Irapuá, Barro Branco and Treviso seams).</span></p><p id="sp0185">Seam thicknesses range from 1.70 to 2.39 <span>m, but high proportions of impure coal (coaly <a title="Learn more about Shale from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/shale" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/shale">shale</a> and shaley coal), carbonaceous shale and partings reduce the net coal thickness significantly. Coal lithoypes are variable, with banded coal predominant in the Barro Branco seam, and banded dull and dull coal predominantly in Bonito and Irapuá seams, respectively. Results from petrographic analyses indicate a <a title="Learn more about Vitrinite Reflectance from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/vitrinite-reflectance" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/vitrinite-reflectance">vitrinite reflectance</a> range from 0.76 to 1.63 %Rrandom (HVB A to LVB coal). <a title="Learn more about Maceral from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/maceral" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/maceral">Maceral</a> group distribution varies significantly, with the Barro Branco seam having the highest <a title="Learn more about Vitrinite from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/vitrinite" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/vitrinite">vitrinite</a> content (mean 67.5 vol%), whereas the Irapuá seam has the highest <a title="Learn more about Inertinite from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/inertinite" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/inertinite">inertinite</a> content (33.8</span> <span>vol%). <a title="Learn more about Liptinite from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/liptinite" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/liptinite">Liptinite</a> mean values range from 7.8</span> vol% (Barro Branco seam) to 22.5 vol% (Irapuá seam).</p><p id="sp0190">Results from proximate analyses indicate for the three seams high ash yields (50.2 – 64.2 wt.%). Considering the International Classification of in-Seam Coals, all samples are in fact classified as carbonaceous rocks (> 50 <span>wt.% ash). <a title="Learn more about Sulphur Content from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/sulphur-content" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/sulphur-content">Sulfur contents</a> range from 3.4 to 7.7 wt.%, of which the major part occurs as pyritic sulfur. Results of X-ray diffraction indicate the predominance of <a title="Learn more about Quartz from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/quartz" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/quartz">quartz</a> and <a title="Learn more about Kaolinite from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/kaolinite" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/kaolinite">kaolinite</a> (also pyrite). <a title="Learn more about Gypsum from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/gypsum" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/gypsum">Gypsum</a>, <a title="Learn more about Gibbsite from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/gibbsite" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/gibbsite">gibbsite</a>, <a title="Learn more about Jarosite from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/jarosite" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/jarosite">jarosite</a> and <a title="Learn more about Calcite from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/calcite" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/calcite">calcite</a> were also identified in some samples. <a title="Learn more about Feldspar from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/feldspar" data-mce-href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/feldspar">Feldspar</a> was noted but is rare. The major element distribution in the three seams (coal basis) is dominated by SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span> </span>(31.3 wt.%, mean value), Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span> </span>(14.5 wt.%, mean value) and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span> </span>(6.9 wt.%, mean value). Considering the concentrations of trace elements that are of potential environmental hazards the Barro Branco, Bonito and Irapuá seams (coal base) are significantly enriched in Co (15.7 ppm), Cr (54.5 ppm), Li (59.3 ppm), Mn (150.4 ppm), Pb (58.0 ppm) and V (99.6 ppm), when compared to average trace elements contents reported for U. S. coals.</p><p id="sp0195">Hierarchical cluster analysis identified, based on similarity levels, three groups of major elements and seven groups of trace elements. Applying discriminant analyses using trace and major element distribution, it could be demonstrated that the three seams from Santa Catarina show distinct populations in the discriminant analyses plots, and also differ from the coals of Rio Grande do Sul analyzed in a previous study.</p>
application/pdf
10.1016/j.coal.2010.08.008
en
Elsevier
Depositional setting, petrology and chemistry of Permian coals from the Paraná Basin: 2. South Santa Catarina Coalfield, Brazil
article