Michael E. Loik Jayne Belnap Amy L. Concilio 2013 Global change is likely to affect invasive species distribution, especially at range margins. In the eastern Sierra Nevada, California, USA, the invasive annual grass, <i>Bromus tectorum</i>, is patchily distributed and its impacts have been minimal compared with other areas of the Intermountain West. We used a series of in situ field manipulations to determine how <i>B. tectorum</i> might respond to changing climatic conditions and increased nitrogen deposition at the high-elevation edge of its invaded range. Over 3 years, we used snow fences to simulate changes in snowpack, irrigation to simulate increased frequency and magnitude of springtime precipitation, and added nitrogen (N) at three levels (0, 5, and 10 g m^-2) to natural patches of <i>B. tectorum</i> growing under the two dominant shrubs, <i>Artemisia tridentata</i> and <i>Purshia tridentata</i>, and in intershrub spaces (INTR). We found that <i>B. tectorum</i> seedling density in April was lower following deeper snowpack possibly due to delayed emergence, yet there was no change in spikelet production or biomass accumulation at the time of harvest. Additional spring rain events increased <i>B. tectorum</i> biomass and spikelet production in INTR plots only. Plants were primarily limited by water in 2009, but colimited by N and water in 2011, possibly due to differences in antecedent moisture conditions at the time of treatments. The threshold at which N had an effect varied with magnitude of water additions. Frequency of rain events was more influential than magnitude in driving <i>B. tectorum</i> growth and fecundity responses. Our results suggest that predicted shifts from snow to rain could facilitate expansion of <i>B. tectorum</i> at high elevation depending on timing of rain events and level of N deposition. We found evidence for P-limitation at this site and an increase in P-availability with N additions, suggesting that stoichiometric relationships may also influence <i>B. tectorum</i> spread. application/pdf 10.1111/gcb.12032 en Wiley Global change effects on <i>Bromus tectorum</i> L. (Poaceae) at its high-elevation range margin article