Mary McGann 2014 <p><span>In 1995,<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Trochammina hadai</i><span>, a benthic Foraminifera prevalent in Japanese estuaries, was found in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Subsequent field investigations determined that the species was also present in nearly all of the major ports and estuaries along the western United States. Because of its widespread colonization, it is of interest to determine when<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></span><i>T. hadai</i><span><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>first appeared as an invasive in the coastal regions of the North Pacific. In San Francisco Bay, the species was not found in 404 surface samples collected between 1930 and 1981. In 1983, however, a grab sediment sample from one of four sites in the southern portion of the bay contained<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></span><i>T. hadai</i><span>. This site was the most northern of the four and contained 12 specimens of the invasive, comprising 1.5% of the assemblage. This is the earliest appearance on record of<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></span><i>T. hadai</i><span><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>in San Francisco Bay.</span></p> application/pdf 10.1017/S1755267214000888 en Cambridge University Press Earliest record of the invasive Foraminifera Trochammina hadai in San Francisco Bay, California, USA article