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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Nathan Jensen</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Michael J. Parsley</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Robert F. Gaugush</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Todd J. Severson</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Tyson W. Hatton</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Ryan F. Adams</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Mark P. Gaikowski</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Jason G. Romine</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2015</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Bighead Carp&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Hypophthalmichthys nobilis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and Silver Carp&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;H. molitrix&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;are nonnative species that pose a threat to Great Lakes ecosystems should they advance into those areas. Thus, technologies to impede Asian carp movement into the Great Lakes are needed; one potential technology is the seismic water gun. We evaluated the efficacy of a water gun array as a behavioral deterrent to the movement of acoustic-tagged Bighead Carp and Silver Carp in an experimental pond. Behavioral responses were evaluated by using four metrics: (1) fish distance from the water guns (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;); (2) spatial area of the fish's utilization distribution (UD); (3) persistence velocity (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;); and (4) number of times a fish transited the water gun array. For both species, average&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;increased by 10&amp;nbsp;m during the firing period relative to the pre-firing period. During the firing period, the spatial area of use within the pond decreased. Carp were located throughout the pond during the pre-firing period but were concentrated in the north end of the pond during the firing period, thus reducing their UDs by roughly 50%. Overall,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;decreased during the firing period relative to the pre-firing period, as fish movement became more tortuous and confined, suggesting that the firing of the guns elicited a change in carp behavior. The water gun array was partially successful at impeding carp movement, but some fish did transit the array. Bighead Carp moved past the guns a total of 78&amp;nbsp;times during the pre-firing period and 15&amp;nbsp;times during the firing period; Silver Carp moved past the guns 96&amp;nbsp;times during the pre-firing period and 13&amp;nbsp;times during the firing period. Although the water guns did alter carp behavior, causing the fish to move away from the guns, this method was not 100% effective as a passage deterrent.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1080/02755947.2015.1012279</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>American Fisheries Society</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Response of Bighead Carp and Silver Carp to repeated water gun operation in an enclosed shallow pond</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>