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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Thomas R. Stanley</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Clark Cowan</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>James R. Robertson</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Paula Power</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2014</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Santa Cruz Island is the largest of the California Channel Islands and supports a diverse and unique flora which includes 9 federally listed species. Sheep, cattle, and pigs, introduced to the island in the mid-1800s, disturbed the soil, browsed native vegetation, and facilitated the spread of exotic invasive plants. Recent removal of introduced herbivores on the island led to the release of invasive fennel (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Foeniculum vulgare&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;), which expanded to become the dominant vegetation in some areas and has impeded the recovery of some native plant communities. In 2007, Channel Islands National Park initiated a program to control fennel using triclopyr on the eastern 10% of the island. We established replicate paired plots (seeded and nonseeded) at Scorpion Anchorage and Smugglers Cove, where notably dense fennel infestations (&amp;gt;10% cover) occurred, to evaluate the effectiveness of native seed augmentation following fennel removal. Five years after fennel removal, vegetative cover increased as litter and bare ground cover decreased significantly (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt; 0.0001) on both plot types. Vegetation cover of both native and other (nonfennel) exotic species increased at Scorpion Anchorage in both seeded and nonseeded plots. At Smugglers Cove, exotic cover decreased significantly (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 0.0001) as native cover comprised of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Eriogonum arborescens&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Leptosyne gigantea&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;increased significantly (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt; 0.0001) in seeded plots only. Nonseeded plots at Smugglers Cove were dominated by exotic annual grasses, primarily&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Avena barbata.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;The data indicate that seeding with appropriate native seed is a critical step in restoration following fennel control in areas where the native seed bank is depauperate.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.3398/042.007.0136</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Native plant recovery in study plots after fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) control on Santa Cruz Island</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>