<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>M. Brady Allen</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Joseph S Zendt</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Shane G Keep</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2015</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The immobilization of fish during handling is crucial in avoiding injury to fish and is thought to reduce handling stress. Chemical sedatives have been a primary choice for fish immobilization. However, most chemical sedatives accumulate in tissues, and often food fishes must be held until accumulations degrade to levels safe for human consumption. Historically, there have been few options for nonchemical&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;sedation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;Carbon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;dioxide&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;(CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;) has been widely used for decades as a sedative, and while it does not require a degradation period, it does have drawbacks. The use of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;electronarcosis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;is another nonchemical option that does not require degradation&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;time&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. However, little is known about the latent and delayed&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;effects&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;on migration rates of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;adult&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;salmonids that have been immobilized with electricity. We&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;compared&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;travel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;times&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;adult&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;Chinook&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;Salmon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Oncorhynchus tshawytscha&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;Coho&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;Salmon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;O. kisutch&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;through a fishway at river kilometer (rkm) 4, and to rkm 16 and rkm 32 after being immobilized with either CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;or&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;electronarcosis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;Travel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;times&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of fish treated with either CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;or&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;electronarcosis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;were similar within species. Because of the nearly instantaneous induction of and recovery from&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;electronarcosis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, we recommend it as an alternative to CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;for handling large&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="single_highlight_class searchToken"&gt;adult&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;salmonids.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1080/02755947.2015.1069427</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>American Fisheries Society</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Comparison of electronarcosis and carbon dioxide sedation effects on travel time in adult Chinook and Coho Salmon</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>