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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Kim T. Fredricks</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Christopher F. Hartleb</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Mark P. Gaikowski</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Aaron R. Cupp</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2016</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Effects of eugenol (AQUI-S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;reg;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;20E, 10% active eugenol) sedation on cool water, yellow perch&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Perca flavescens&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Mitchill), and warm water, Nile tilapia&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Oreochromis niloticus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;L. fish metabolic rates were assessed. Both species were exposed to 0, 10, 20 and 30&amp;nbsp;mg&amp;nbsp;L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;eugenol using static respirometry. In 17&amp;deg;C water and loading densities of 60, 120 and 240&amp;nbsp;g&amp;nbsp;L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;, yellow perch controls (0&amp;nbsp;mg&amp;nbsp;L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;eugenol) had metabolic rates of 329.6&amp;ndash;400.0&amp;nbsp;mg O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;kg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;, while yellow perch exposed to 20 and 30&amp;nbsp;mg&amp;nbsp;L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;eugenol had significantly reduced metabolic rates of 258.4&amp;ndash;325.6 and 189.1&amp;ndash;271.0&amp;nbsp;mg O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;kg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;respectively. Nile tilapia exposed to 30&amp;nbsp;mg&amp;nbsp;L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;eugenol had a significantly reduced metabolic rate (424.5&amp;nbsp;&amp;plusmn;&amp;nbsp;42.3&amp;nbsp;mg O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;kg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;) relative to the 0&amp;nbsp;mg&amp;nbsp;L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;eugenol control (546.6&amp;nbsp;&amp;plusmn;&amp;nbsp;53.5&amp;nbsp;mg O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;kg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;) at a loading density of 120&amp;nbsp;g&amp;nbsp;L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in 22&amp;deg;C water. No significant differences in metabolic rates for Nile tilapia were found at 240 or 360&amp;nbsp;g&amp;nbsp;L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;loading densities when exposed to eugenol. Results suggest that eugenol sedation may benefit yellow perch welfare at high densities (e.g. live transport) due to a reduction in metabolic rates, while further research is needed to assess the benefits of eugenol sedation on Nile tilapia at high loading densities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1111/are.12485</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Wiley</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Effectiveness of eugenol sedation to reduce the metabolic rates of cool and warm water fish at high loading densities</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>