Steven R. Corsi Steven W. Geis Graham Anderson Kevin Joback Harris Gold Dean Mericas Devon A. Cancilla Lee Ferguson 2008 <p>The Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) has sponsored research on environmental characteristics of aircraft and pavement deicers and anti-icers focusing primarily on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and aquatic toxicity of formulated products and individual chemical components of formulations. This report presents a background of issues leading to this research, objectives of this document, and a description of the efforts and findings of this research.</p> <p>Except when the distinction among products is necessary for clarity, &ldquo;deicer&rdquo; will refer to aircraft-deicing fluids (ADFs), aircraft anti-icing fluids (AAFs), and pavement-deicing materials (PDMs) generally.</p> <p>The efforts of this project have included the following:</p> <ul> <li>A review of regulations and specifications related to the performance and environmental characteristics of deicer formulations</li> <li>A review of issues related to the impact that deicers have on aquatic systems and causes of those impacts</li> <li>Laboratory testing of current-use deicers to establish benchmark values for aquatic toxicity, BOD, and chemical oxygen demand (COD)</li> <li>A review of deicer formulations under development and their relevant performanceand environmental-related characteristics</li> <li>A review of operational and infrastructure considerations</li> <li>A synopsis of current analytical methods used in environmental characterization of airport deicing runoff</li> <li>A toxicity-based investigation of current-use deicers to determine components responsible for toxicity and identify component classes to focus a search for alternative components</li> <li>Identification of gaps in knowledge and data pertaining to the above topics</li> </ul> application/pdf en Cooperative Research Programs Formulations for aircraft and airfield deicing and anti-icing: aquatic toxicity and biochemical oxygen demand reports