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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Kuo-Wan Lin</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Loren Turner</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Nebi Bekiri</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>David J. Wald</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2014</dc:date>
  <dc:description>When an earthquake occurs, the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) ShakeMap 
portrays the extent of potentially damaging shaking. In turn, the ShakeCast 
system, a freely-available, post-earthquake situational awareness application, 
automatically retrieves earthquake shaking data from ShakeMap, compares
 intensity measures against users’ facilities, sends notifications of potential
 damage to responsible parties, and generates facility damage assessment 
maps and other web-based products for emergency managers and responders. 
ShakeCast is particularly suitable for earthquake planning and response purposes 
by Departments of Transportation (DOTs), critical facility and lifeline utilities, 
large businesses, engineering and financial services, and loss and risk modelers. 
Recent important developments to the ShakeCast system and its user base are 
described. The newly-released Version 3 of the ShakeCast system encompasses 
advancements in seismology, earthquake engineering, and information
 technology applicable to the legacy ShakeCast installation (Version 2). In
 particular, this upgrade includes a full statistical fragility analysis framework for 
general assessment of structures as part of the near real-time system, direct 
access to additional earthquake-specific USGS products besides ShakeMap 
(PAGER, DYFI?, tectonic summary, etc.), significant improvements in the 
graphical user interface, including a console view for operations centers, and
 custom, user-defined hazard and loss modules. The release also introduces a 
new adaption option to port ShakeCast to the "cloud". Employing Amazon 
Web Services (AWS), users now have a low-cost alternative to local hosting,
 by fully offloading hardware, software, and communication obligations to the
 cloud. Other advantages of the "ShakeCast Cloud" strategy include (1) 
Reliability and robustness of offsite operations, (2) Scalability naturally 
accommodated, (3), Serviceability, problems reduced due to software and 
hardware uniformity, (4) Testability, freely available for new users, (5) Remotely
 supported, allowing expert-facilitated maintenance, (6) Adoptability, 
simplified with disk images, and (7) Security, built in at the very high level
 associated with AWS. The ShakeCast user base continues to expand and 
broaden. For example, Caltrans, the prototypical ShakeCast user and
 development supporter, has been providing guidance to other DOTs on the 
use of the National Bridge Inventory (NBI) database to implement
 fully-functional ShakeCast systems in their states. A long-term goal underway
 is to further "connect the DOTs" via a Transportation Pooled Fund (TPF) with 
participating state DOTs. We also review some of the many other users and 
uses of ShakeCast. Lastly, on the hazard input front, we detail related 
ShakeMap improvements and ongoing advancements in estimating the 
likelihood of shaking-induced secondary hazards at structures, facilities, 
bridges, and along roadways due to landslides and liquefaction, and
 implemented within the ShakeCast framework.</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.4231/D32Z12Q20</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title> U.S. Geological Survey's ShakeCast: A cloud-based future</dc:title>
  <dc:type>text</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>