Edward A. Cloutis P. Beck P. Vernazza Janice L Bishop Driss Takir V. Reddy D. Applin Paul Mann Breanne L. Berg 2016 <p>Ammonium-bearing minerals have been suggested to be present on Mars, Ceres, and various asteroids and comets. We undertook a systematic study of the spectral reflectance properties of ammonium-bearing minerals and compounds that have possible planetary relevance (i.e., ammonium carbonates, chlorides, nitrates, oxalates, phosphates, silicates, and sulfates). Various synthetic and natural NH₄⁺-bearing minerals were analyzed using reflectance spectroscopy in the long-wave ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared regions (0.35&ndash;8 &mu;m) in order to identify spectral features characteristic of the NH₄⁺&nbsp;molecule, and to evaluate if and how these features vary among different species. Mineral phases were confirmed through structural and compositional analyses using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and elemental combustion analysis. Characteristic absorption features associated with NH4 can be seen in the reflectance spectra at wavelengths as short as &sim;1 &mu;m. In the near-infrared region, the most prominent absorption bands are located near 1.6, 2.0, and 2.2 &mu;m. Absorption features characteristic of NH₄⁺ occurred at slightly longer wavelengths in the mineral-bound NH₄⁺ spectra than for free NH₄⁺ for most of the samples. Differences in wavelength position are attributable to various factors, including differences in the type and polarizability of the anion(s) attached to the NH₄⁺, degree and type of hydrogen bonding, molecule symmetry, and cation substitutions. Multiple absorption features, usually three absorption bands, in the mid-infrared region between &sim;2.8 and 3.8 &mu;m were seen in all but the most NH₄-poor sample spectra, and are attributed to fundamentals, combinations, and overtones of stretching and bending vibrations of the NH₄⁺ molecule. These features appear even in reflectance spectra of water-rich samples which exhibit a strong 3 &mu;m region water absorption feature. While many of the samples examined in this study have NH₄ absorption bands at unique wavelength positions, in order to discriminate between different NH₄⁺-bearing phases, absorption features corresponding to molecules other than NH₄⁺ should be included in spectral analysis. A qualitative comparison of the laboratory results to telescopic spectra of Asteroids 1 Ceres, 10 Hygiea, and 324 Bamberga for the 3 &mu;m region demonstrates that a number of NH₄-bearing phases are consistent with the observational data in terms of exhibiting an absorption band in the 3.07 &mu;m region.</p> application/pdf 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.10.028 en Elsevier Reflectance spectroscopy (0.35–8 μm) of ammonium-bearing minerals and qualitative comparison to Ceres-like asteroids article