<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>William N. Batts</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>James R. Winton</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>George E. Sanders</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2003</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;To improve our understanding of the genetic basis of fish disease, we developed a pathogen model, using zebrafish (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Danio rerio&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;) and spring virema of carp virus (SVCV). Replicate groups of 10 fish were acclimated to 20 or 24&amp;deg;C, then were exposed to SVCV concentrations of 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;to 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;plaque-forming units per milliliter (PFU/ml) of water and observed daily. In a second trial, fish were acclimated to 15&amp;deg;C, and replicate groups of 10 fish were exposed to SVCV at a concentration of 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;PFU/ml; however, the temperature was raised 1&amp;deg;C/wk. Moribund fish were collected for histologic examination, and dead fish were assayed for virus by use of cell culture and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Mortality exceeded 50% in fish exposed to 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;PFU of SVCV/ml at the lower temperatures. Clinical signs of disease became evident seven days after viral exposure and were observed most consistently in fish of the 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;PFU/ml groups. Affected zebrafish were anorectic and listless, with epidermal petechial hemorrhages followed by death. Use of plaque assays and RT-PCR analysis confirmed presence of SVCV at titers &amp;ge; 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;PFU/g of tissue. Histologic lesions included multifocal brachial necrosis and melanomacrophage proliferation in gills, liver, and kidneys. These results indicate that zebrafish are susceptible to infection by SVCV under conditions that mimic a natural route of exposure.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>American Association for Laboratory Animal Science</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Susceptibility of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to a model pathogen, spring viremia of carp virus</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>