Stuart A. Wells
Gary West
Ma’en Al-Smadi
Sergio A. Redondo
Sydnee R. Sexton
Melanie Culver
Alexander Ochoa
2016
<p><span>The Arabian oryx (</span><i class="EmphasisTypeItalic ">Oryx leucoryx</i><span>) historically ranged across the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries until its extirpation in 1972. In 1963–1964 a captive breeding program for this species was started at the Phoenix Zoo (PHX); it ultimately consisted of 11 animals that became known as the ‘World Herd’. In 1978</span><span class="EmphasisTypeBold ">–</span><span>1979 a wild population was established at the Shaumari Wildlife Reserve (SWR), Jordan, with eight descendants from the World Herd and three individuals from Qatar. We described the mtDNA and nuclear genetic diversity and structure of PHX and SWR. We also determined the long-term demographic and genetic viability of these populations under different reciprocal translocation scenarios. PHX displayed a greater number of mtDNA haplotypes (</span><i class="EmphasisTypeItalic ">n</i><span> = 4) than SWR (</span><i class="EmphasisTypeItalic ">n</i><span> = 2). Additionally, PHX and SWR presented nuclear genetic diversities of </span><span id="IEq1" class="InlineEquation"><span id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" class="MathJax" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mover><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">&#x00AF;</mo></mover></mrow><mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mtext>A</mtext></mrow></msub></math>"><span id="MathJax-Span-1" class="math"><span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-2" class="mrow"><span id="MathJax-Span-3" class="msubsup"><span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-4" class="texatom"><span id="MathJax-Span-5" class="mrow"><span id="MathJax-Span-6" class="munderover"><span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-7" class="mi">N</span></span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-8" class="mo">¯</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-9" class="texatom"><span id="MathJax-Span-10" class="mrow"><span id="MathJax-Span-11" class="mtext">A</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML">N¯A</span></span></span><span> = 2.88 vs. 2.75, </span><span id="IEq2" class="InlineEquation"><span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="MathJax" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mover><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy="false">&#x00AF;</mo></mover></mrow><mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mtext>O</mtext></mrow></msub></math>"><span id="MathJax-Span-12" class="math"><span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-13" class="mrow"><span id="MathJax-Span-14" class="msubsup"><span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-15" class="texatom"><span id="MathJax-Span-16" class="mrow"><span id="MathJax-Span-17" class="munderover"><span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-18" class="mi">H</span></span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-19" class="mo">¯</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-20" class="texatom"><span id="MathJax-Span-21" class="mrow"><span id="MathJax-Span-22" class="mtext">O</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML">H¯O</span></span></span><span> = 0.469 vs. 0.387, and </span><span id="IEq3" class="InlineEquation"><span id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" class="MathJax" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mover><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy="false">&#x00AF;</mo></mover></mrow><mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mtext>E</mtext></mrow></msub></math>"><span id="MathJax-Span-23" class="math"><span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-24" class="mrow"><span id="MathJax-Span-25" class="msubsup"><span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-26" class="texatom"><span id="MathJax-Span-27" class="mrow"><span id="MathJax-Span-28" class="munderover"><span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-29" class="mi">H</span></span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-30" class="mo">¯</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-31" class="texatom"><span id="MathJax-Span-32" class="mrow"><span id="MathJax-Span-33" class="mtext">E</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML">H¯E</span></span></span><span> = 0.501 vs. 0.421, respectively. Although these populations showed no signs of inbreeding (</span><span id="IEq4" class="InlineEquation"><span id="MathJax-Element-4-Frame" class="MathJax" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mover><mi>F</mi><mo stretchy="false">&#x00AF;</mo></mover></mrow><mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mtext>IS</mtext></mrow></msub></math>"><span id="MathJax-Span-34" class="math"><span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-35" class="mrow"><span id="MathJax-Span-36" class="msubsup"><span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-37" class="texatom"><span id="MathJax-Span-38" class="mrow"><span id="MathJax-Span-39" class="munderover"><span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-40" class="mi">F</span></span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-41" class="mo">¯</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-42" class="texatom"><span id="MathJax-Span-43" class="mrow"><span id="MathJax-Span-44" class="mtext">IS</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML">F¯IS</span></span></span><span> ≈ 0), they were highly differentiated (</span><span id="IEq5" class="InlineEquation"><span id="MathJax-Element-5-Frame" class="MathJax" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msubsup><mi>G</mi><mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mtext>ST</mtext></mrow><mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mi class="MJX-variant" mathvariant="normal">&#x2032;</mi><mi class="MJX-variant" mathvariant="normal">&#x2032;</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>"><span id="MathJax-Span-45" class="math"><span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-46" class="mrow"><span id="MathJax-Span-47" class="msubsup"><span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-48" class="mi">G</span></span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-49" class="texatom"><span id="MathJax-Span-50" class="mrow"><span id="MathJax-Span-51" class="mi">′</span><span id="MathJax-Span-52" class="mi">′</span></span></span></span><span><span id="MathJax-Span-53" class="texatom"><span id="MathJax-Span-54" class="mrow"><span id="MathJax-Span-55" class="mtext">ST</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML">GST′′</span></span></span><span> = 0.580; </span><i class="EmphasisTypeItalic ">P</i><span> < 0.001). Migration between PHX and SWR (</span><i class="EmphasisTypeItalic ">Nm</i><span> = 1, 4, and 8 individuals/generation) increased their genetic diversity in the short-term and substantially reduced the probability of extinction in PHX during 25 generations. Under such scenarios, maximum genetic diversities were achieved in the first generations before the effects of genetic drift became predominant. Although captive populations can function as sources of genetic variation for reintroduction programs, we recommend promoting mutual and continuous gene flow with wild populations to ensure the long-term survival of this species.</span></p>
application/pdf
10.1007/s10592-016-0850-5
en
Springer
Can captive populations function as sources of genetic variation for reintroductions into the wild? A case study of the Arabian oryx from the Phoenix Zoo and the Shaumari Wildlife Reserve, Jordan
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