<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Robert E. Gill Jr.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Petra de Goeij</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Anne Dekinga</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Marnie Shepherd</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Daniel R. Ruthrauff</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>T. Lee Tibbitts</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Theunis Piersma</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2006</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;We here report two anecdotes about&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;avian&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;interactions relevant to the interpretation of differences in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;shorebird&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;habitat use between day and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;night&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Several studies have reported that shorebirds avoid&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;feeding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;roosting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;along&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;nearshore&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;areas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;at&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;night&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;yet commonly use these sites during daytime. This suggests that nighttime&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;avoidance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;nearshore&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;places is a response to increased danger of predation. When mist-netting during autumn 2005 on&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;nearshore&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;intertidal habitats along South Spit, Egegik Bay (Alaska Peninsula), Alaska, we discovered that shorebirds that occurred there in large numbers during daytime low tides and roosted there during daytime high tides (especially Dunlin Calidris alpina, Rock Sandpipers Calidris ptilocnemis, Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola, and Surfbirds Aphriza virgata), were absent at&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;night&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Their&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="searchword"&gt;avoidance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of the area correlated with Short-eared Owls Asio flammeus concurrently hunting over the beach and adjacent intertidal habitats. Spotlighting over nearby expansive intertidal mudflats confirmed that the same suite of species continued to forage or roost nearby at night. To bring the story full circle, the morning following one mist-netting effort we found a Short-eared Owl on the beach that had been killed earlier by a Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus. In the owl&amp;rsquo;s stomach were remains of a freshly devoured Dunlin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:title>Shorebird avoidance of nearshore feeding and roosting areas at night correlates with presence of a nocturnal avian predator</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>