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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Peggy Wilzbach</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Walter G. Duffy</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Rebecca M. Quinones</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>James A. Hobbs</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Brian W. Hodge</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2016</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Oncorhynchus mykiss&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;exhibits a vast array of life histories, which increases its likelihood of persistence by spreading risk of extirpation among different pathways. The Klamath River basin (California&amp;ndash;Oregon) provides a particularly interesting backdrop for the study of life history diversity in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;O. mykiss&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;, in part because the river is slated for a historic and potentially influential dam removal and habitat recolonization project. We used scale and otolith strontium isotope (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;87&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;Sr/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;86&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;Sr) analyses to characterize life history diversity in wild&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;O. mykiss&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;from the lower Klamath River basin. We also determined maternal origin (anadromous or nonanadromous) and migratory history (anadromous or nonanadromous) of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;O. mykiss&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and compared length and fecundity at age between anadromous (steelhead) and nonanadromous (Rainbow Trout) phenotypes of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;O. mykiss&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;. We identified a total of 38 life history categories at maturity, which differed in duration of freshwater and ocean rearing, age at maturation, and incidence of repeat spawning. Approximately 10% of adult fish sampled were nonanadromous. Rainbow Trout generally grew faster in freshwater than juvenile steelhead; however, ocean growth afforded adult steelhead greater length and fecundity than adult Rainbow Trout. Although 75% of individuals followed the migratory path of their mother, steelhead produced nonanadromous progeny and Rainbow Trout produced anadromous progeny. Overall, we observed a highly diverse array of life histories among Klamath River&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;O. mykiss&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;. While this diversity should increase population resilience, recent declines in the abundance of Klamath River steelhead suggest that life history diversity alone is not sufficient to stabilize a population. Our finding that steelhead and Rainbow Trout give rise to progeny of the alternate form (1) suggests that dam removal might lead to a facultatively anadromous&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;O. mykiss&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;population in the upper basin and (2) raises the question of whether both forms of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;O. mykiss&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in the Klamath River should be managed under the same strategy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1080/00028487.2015.1111257</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>American Fisheries Society</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Life history diversity in Klamath River steelhead</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>