Richard M. Iverson 2016 <p><span>Results from a highly idealized, 2-D computational model indicate that dynamic normal-stress rarefactions might cause friction reduction in long-runout landslides, but the physical relevance of the idealized dynamics has not been confirmed by experimental tests. More importantly, the model results provide no evidence that refutes alternative hypotheses about friction reduction mechanisms. One alternative hypothesis, which is strongly supported by field evidence, experimental data, and the predictions of a well-constrained computational model, involves development of high pore fluid pressures in deforming landslide material or overridden bed material. However, no scientific basis exists for concluding that a universal mechanism is responsible for friction reduction in all long-runout landslides.</span></p> application/pdf 10.1002/2016JF003979 en American Geophysical Union Comment on “The reduction of friction in long-runout landslides as an emergent phenomenon” by Brandon C. Johnson et al. article