Susan E. Finger John R. Jones Mark P. Ort 1995 <div class="article-author-abstract"><div class="abstract abstract-type-author"><div>Effects of crude oil on survival and behavior of the mayfly <i>Hexagenia bilineata</i> were evaluated in laboratory studies. Mayfly nymphs were exposed to the water soluble and oil residue fractions of crude oil. Mayfly survival was not reduced by a 96-h exposure to either the water soluble fraction or the oil residue mixed with sediment. However, significant mortality did result from a 21-day exposure to oil residue mixed with sediment at concentrations as low as 500 μg g⁻¹. Survival was also reduced after a 21-day exposure to oil-contaminated sediments (1905 μg g⁻¹) collected 6 weeks after a crude oil spill in the Chariton River, Missouri. In a behavioral test measuring habitat exclusion, organisms did not avoid contact with sediment containing oil residue (50–800 μg g⁻¹). Collectively, results from these studies indicate that exposure to oil residue in sediment will reduce survival of <i>H. bilineata</i> in the laboratory and may reduce survival in the environment for 6 weeks or more after an oil spill,</div></div></div><div class="article-footnotes"><p id="explainOverlay" class="accessible-text"><br></p></div> application/pdf 10.1016/0269-7491(94)00085-R en Elsevier Toxicity of crude oil to the mayfly, <i>Hexagenia bilineata</i> (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae) article