Richard M. Anthony Victor G. Barnes Jr. Heather W. Krupa James Evans Richard M. Engeman 1998 <p><span>A 5-yr study was conducted on national forests in Idaho and Oregon to evaluate how doubling the seedling stocking rate of lodgepole pine (</span><i>Pinus contorta</i><span>) would relate to 5-year survival and the uniformity of distribution of seedlings in the presence of northern pocket gopher (</span><i>Thomomys talpoides</i><span>) damage. Either 4 or 8 seedlings were planted in 40-m</span>^2&nbsp;<span>subplots (1000 or 2000 seedlings/ha) and monitored for gopher damage. We found that the number of seedlings attacked by gophers, and consequently, the number of seedlings surviving for 5 years, were directly proportional to the stocking rate, but the consistency of seedling distribution within each site (as measured by the proportion of 40-m</span>²<span> subplots with ≥ 2 surviving seedlings) did not double with stocking rate. In some situations, increasing the stocking rate should be considered as a method for overcoming pocket gopher damage.</span></p> application/pdf 10.1016/S0261-2194(98)00072-6 en Elsevier Double-stocking for overcoming damage to conifer seedlings by pocket gophers article