<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Michelle R. Bartsch</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Kim T. Fredricks</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Lynn A. Bartsch</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Susan M. Schleis</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Sheldon Lee</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Diane L. Waller</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Carbon dioxide (CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;) has shown promise as a tool to control movements of invasive Asian carp, but its effects on native freshwater biota have not been well studied. The authors evaluated lethal and sublethal responses of juvenile fatmucket (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lampsilis siliquoidea&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;) mussels to CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt; at levels (43–269 mg/L, mean concentration) that bracket concentrations effective for deterring carp movement. The 28-d lethal concentration to 50% of the mussels was 87.0 mg/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 78.4–95.9) and at 16-d postexposure, 76.0 mg/L (95% CI 62.9–90.3). A proportional hazards regression model predicted that juveniles could not survive CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt; concentrations &amp;gt;160 mg/L for more than 2 wk or &amp;gt;100 mg/L CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt; for more than 30 d. Mean shell growth was significantly lower for mussels that survived CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt; treatments. Growth during the postexposure period did not differ among treatments, indicating recovery of the mussels. Also, CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt; caused shell pitting and erosion. Behavioral effects of CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt; included movement of mussels to the substrate surface and narcotization at the highest concentrations. Mussels in the 110 mg/L mean CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;treatment had the most movements in the first 3 d of exposure. If CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt; is infused continuously as a fish deterrent, concentrations &amp;lt;76 mg/L are recommended to prevent juvenile mussel mortality and shell damage. Mussels may survive and recover from brief exposure to higher concentrations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1002/etc.3567</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Wiley</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Effects of carbon dioxide on juveniles of the freshwater mussel (&lt;i&gt;Lampsilis siliquoidea&lt;/i&gt; [Unionidae])</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>