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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Matthew Filipek</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Rushvi Desai</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Wesley A. Bickford</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Kurt P. Kowalski</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Keith Clay</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Zackery R. C. Shearin</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;div id="ASec1" class="AbstractSection"&gt;&lt;p class="Heading"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aims&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id="Par1" class="Para"&gt;We characterized fungal endophytes of seeds of invasive, non-native &lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic "&gt;Phragmites&lt;/i&gt; from three sites in the Great Lakes region to determine if fungal symbiosis could contribute to invasiveness through their effects on seed germination and seedling growth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="ASec2" class="AbstractSection"&gt;&lt;p class="Heading"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id="Par2" class="Para"&gt;Field-collected seeds were surface sterilized and plated on agar to culture endophytes for ITS sequencing. Prevalence of specific endophytes from germinated and non-germinated seeds, and from seedlings, was compared.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="ASec3" class="AbstractSection"&gt;&lt;p class="Heading"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id="Par3" class="Para"&gt;One-third of 740 seeds yielded endophyte isolates. Fifteen taxa were identified with &lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic "&gt;Alternaria&lt;/i&gt; sp. representing 54% of all isolates followed by &lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic "&gt;Phoma&lt;/i&gt; sp. (21%) and &lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic "&gt;Penicillium corylophilum&lt;/i&gt; (12%). Overall germination of seeds producing an isolate (36%) was significantly higher than seeds not producing an isolate (20%). &lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic "&gt;Penicillium&lt;/i&gt; in particular was strongly associated with increased germination of seeds from one site. Sixty-three isolates and 11 taxa were also obtained from 30 seedlings where &lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic "&gt;Phoma&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic "&gt;Penicillium&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic "&gt;Alternaria&lt;/i&gt; respectively were most prevalent. There was a significant effect of isolating an endophyte from the seed on seedling growth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="ASec4" class="AbstractSection"&gt;&lt;p class="Heading"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p id="Par4" class="Para"&gt;These results suggest that many endophyte taxa are transmitted in seeds and can increase seed germination and seedling growth of invasive &lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic "&gt;Phragmites&lt;/i&gt;. The role of fungal endophytes in host establishment, growth and invasiveness in nature requires further research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1007/s11104-017-3241-x</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Springer</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Fungal endophytes from seeds of invasive, non-native &lt;i&gt;Phragmites australis&lt;/i&gt; and their potential role in germination and seedling growth</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>