Douglas J. Forsell Patrick J. Gould 1989 <p>We describe shipboard and small boat techniques used by the US Fish and Wildlife Service in Alaska to survey marine birds at sea. The basis is a 10-min, 300-m-wide, strip transect taken from a platform moving at a constant speed in a constant direction. Special routines, such as instantaneous counts of traveling birds, are explained to help reduce biases caused by factors such as varying flight patterns, ship-following and avoidance, and patchy distributions. Data recording and coding techniques and formats, based on those developed for the National Oceanic Data Center, are described.<br data-mce-bogus="1"></p> application/pdf en U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Techniques for shipboard surveys of marine birds reports