J. Shaw
Page C. Valentine
B.J. Todd
2016
<p id="p-1">The Bay of Fundy–northern Gulf of Maine region surrounds the southern part of Nova Scotia, encompassing, from west to east, the Bay of Fundy, Grand Manan Basin, German Bank, Browns Bank, Northeast Channel and northeastern Georges Bank (Fig. 1a, b). During the last glacial maximum (<i>c.</i><span> </span>24–20<span> </span><sup>14</sup>C ka BP), the SE margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) occupied the study area, the rest of the Gulf of Maine and the continental Scotian Shelf off Atlantic Canada (see<span> </span><span class="xref-bibr">Dyke<span> </span><i>et al.</i><span> </span>2002</span>, fig. 1;<span> </span><span class="xref-bibr">Shaw<span> </span><i>et al.</i><span> </span>2006</span>, fig. 8;<span> </span><span class="xref-bibr">Hundert & Piper 2008</span>, fig. 16). Early mapping of the glaciated region on the Scotian Shelf using side-scan sonar imagery and seismic-reflection profiles revealed topographic features interpreted to be recessional moraines indicative of retreat of the LIS (<span class="xref-bibr">King<span> </span><i>et al.</i><span> </span>1972</span>;<span> </span><span class="xref-bibr">King 1996</span>). Subsequently, multibeam sonar seafloor mapping of local-scale glacial landforms on the inner Scotian Shelf off Halifax, Nova Scotia (Fig. 1b) provided further information on the dynamics of the advance and retreat of the ice sheet (<span class="xref-bibr">Loncarevic<span> </span><i>et al.</i>1994</span>). Interpretation of seismic-reflection profiles across Georges Bank revealed that the surficial sediment is a veneer of glacial debris transported to Georges Bank by the LIS during the late Pleistocene from continental areas to the north (<span class="xref-bibr">Shepard<span> </span><i>et al.</i><span> </span>1934</span>;<span> </span><span class="xref-bibr">Knott & Hoskins 1968</span>;<span> </span><span class="xref-bibr">Schlee 1973</span>;<span> </span><span class="xref-bibr">Twichell<span> </span><i>et al.</i><span> </span>1987</span>;<span> </span><span class="xref-bibr">Fader<span> </span><i>et al.</i><span> </span>1988</span>). Recent high-resolution multibeam sonar surveys of German Bank and the Bay of Fundy mapped a complex of ice-advance and ice-retreat features attributed to the activity of the LIS (<span class="xref-bibr">Todd<span> </span><i>et al.</i><span> </span>2007</span>;<span> </span><span class="xref-bibr">Todd & Shaw 2012</span>).</p><div id="F1" class="fig pos-float odd"><br data-mce-bogus="1"></div>
application/pdf
10.1144/M46.154
en
Geologic Society of London
Submarine glacial landforms on the Bay of Fundy–northern Gulf of Maine continental shelf
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