R.B. Brunton Norman F. Lockyer E. W. Schafer Jr. 1974 <p><span>Red-winged blackbirds (<i>Agelaius phoeniceus</i>) killed by ingesting cracked corn baits treated with 3 percent 4-aminopyridine, or by oral doses of 4-aminopyridine, were fed to canines, laboratory rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>), black-billed magpies (<i>Pica pica</i>), and three species of hawks. The test animals consumed the equivalent of up to 3.4 LD₅₀ doses of 4-aminopyridine in single feedings and up to 3.2 LD₅₀ doses a day for 20 days in repeated feedings. None showed any symptoms of intoxication or gross abnormalities at necropsy.</span></p> application/pdf 10.2307/3800872 en Wiley Hazards to animals feeding on blackbirds killed with 4-aminopyridine baits article