<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Abigail Reid</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Todd E. Katzner</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>David M. Nelson</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Hannah B. Vander Zanden</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;div id="rcm8253-sec-0001" class="article-section__content"&gt;&lt;p class="article-section__sub-title section1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rationale&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stable hydrogen isotope (&lt;i&gt;δ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H) ratios of animal tissues are useful for assessing movement and geographic origin of mobile organisms. However, it is uncertain whether heat and singeing affects feather&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;δ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H values and thus subsequent geographic assignments. This is relevant for birds of conservation interest that are burned and killed at concentrating solar‐energy facilities that reflect sunlight to a receiving tower and generate a solar flux field.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="rcm8253-sec-0002" class="article-section__content"&gt;&lt;p class="article-section__sub-title section1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We used a controlled experiment to test the effect of known heat loads (exposure to 200, 250 or 300°C for 1 min) on the morphology and&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;δ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H values of feathers from two songbird species. Subsequently, we examined the effects of singeing on&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;δ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H values of feathers from three other songbird species that were found dead in the field at a concentrating solar‐energy facility.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="rcm8253-sec-0003" class="article-section__content"&gt;&lt;p class="article-section__sub-title section1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Relative to control samples, heating caused visual morphological changes to feathers, including shriveling at 250°C and charring at 300°C. The&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;δ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H values significantly declined by a mean of 27.8‰ in experimental samples exposed to 300°C. There was no statistically detectable difference between&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;δ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H values of the singed and unsinged portions of field‐collected feathers from the same bird.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="rcm8253-sec-0004" class="article-section__content"&gt;&lt;p class="article-section__sub-title section1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Limited singeing that did not dramatically alter the feather morphology did not substantially affect&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;δ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H values of feathers from these songbirds. However, higher temperatures induced charring and reduced&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;δ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H values. Therefore, severely charred feathers should be avoided when selecting feathers for&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;δ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H‐based assessment of geographic origin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1002/rcm.8253</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Wiley</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Effect of heat and singeing on stable hydrogen isotope ratios of bird feathers and implications for their use in determining geographic origin</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>