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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Bent Lorenzen</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Irving A. Mendelssohn</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Karen L. McKee</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>ShiLi Miao</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Hans Brix</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2010</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;div id="ASec1" class="AbstractSection"&gt;&lt;h3 class="Heading"&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class="Para"&gt;Cattail (&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Typha domingensis&lt;/i&gt;) has been spreading in phosphorus (P) enriched areas of the oligotrophic Florida Everglades at the expense of sawgrass (&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Cladium mariscus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;spp.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;jamaicense&lt;/i&gt;). Abundant evidence in the literature explains how the opportunistic features of&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Typha&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;might lead to a complete dominance in P-enriched areas. Less clear is how&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Typha&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;can grow and acquire P at extremely low P levels, which prevail in the unimpacted areas of the Everglades.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="ASec2" class="AbstractSection"&gt;&lt;h3 class="Heading"&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class="Para"&gt;Apparent P uptake kinetics were measured for intact plants of&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Cladium&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Typha&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;acclimated to low and high P at two levels of oxygen in hydroponic culture. The saturated rate of P uptake was higher in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Typha&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;than in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Cladium&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and higher in low-P acclimated plants than in high-P acclimated plants. The affinity for P uptake was two-fold higher in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Typha&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;than in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Cladium&lt;/i&gt;, and two- to three-fold higher for low-P acclimated plants compared to high-P acclimated plants. As&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Cladium&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;had a greater proportion of its biomass allocated to roots, the overall uptake capacity of the two species at high P did not differ. At low P availability,&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Typha&lt;/i&gt;increased biomass allocation to roots more than&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Cladium&lt;/i&gt;. Both species also adjusted their P uptake kinetics, but&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Typha&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;more so than&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Cladium&lt;/i&gt;. The adjustment of the P uptake system and increased biomass allocation to roots resulted in a five-fold higher uptake per plant for&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Cladium&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and a ten-fold higher uptake for&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Typha&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="ASec3" class="AbstractSection"&gt;&lt;h3 class="Heading"&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class="Para"&gt;Both&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Cladium&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Typha&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;adjust P uptake kinetics in relation to plant demand when P availability is high. When P concentrations are low, however,&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Typha&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;adjusts P uptake kinetics and also increases allocation to roots more so than&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Cladium&lt;/i&gt;, thereby improving both efficiency and capacity of P uptake.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Cladium&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;has less need to adjust P uptake kinetics because it is already efficient at acquiring P from peat soils (e.g., through secretion of phosphatases, symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, nutrient conservation growth traits). Thus, although&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Cladium&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Typha&lt;/i&gt;have qualitatively similar strategies to improve P-uptake efficiency and capacity under low P-conditions,&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Typha&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;shows a quantitatively greater response, possibly due to a lesser expression of these mechanisms than&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Cladium&lt;/i&gt;. This difference between the two species helps to explain why an opportunistic species such as&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Typha&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;is able to grow side by side with&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i class="EmphasisTypeItalic"&gt;Cladium&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in the P-deficient Everglades.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1186/1471-2229-10-23</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Springer Nature</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Can differences in phosphorus uptake kinetics explain the distribution of cattail and sawgrass in the Florida Everglades?</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>