David I. King Wylie C. Barrow Jr. John H. Rappole 1999 <p><span>We studied the ecology of the Golden-cheeked Warbler (</span><i>Dendroica chrysoparia</i><span>) during three winter seasons, 1995-1998, in Honduras, Guatemala, and Mexico. Individuals of this species occurred almost exclusively as members of mixed-species flocks, occupying sites with greater densities of encino oak and ground cover and fewer pines than random sites. Most foraging observations were recorded in mid-story, encino oak. Commonly-observed foraging maneuvers were gleaning and sally-hovering. Eighty-three percent of foraging maneuvers were directed at the outermost portions of the oak foliage. Flocks in which Golden-cheeked Warblers occurred contained an average of 20.5 individuals and 12.9 species other than Golden-cheeked Warblers. The most frequently co-occurring species were Wilson's Warbler (</span><i>Wilsonia pusilla</i><span>), Black-throated Green Warbler (</span><i>Dendroica virens</i><span>), Hermit Warbler (</span><i>D. occidentalis</i><span>), Townsend's Warbler (D. townsendi), and Blue-headed Vireo (</span><i>Vireo solitarius</i><span>). The ratio of males to females observed was not substantially different from 1:1, and there was little evidence of sexual differences in habitat use. Golden-cheeked Warblers appeared to be tolerant of moderate levels of logging and grazing, but understory clearing to promote grazing for cattle may pose a significant threat to winter habitat availability.</span></p> application/pdf 10.2307/1370063 en Oxford Academic Winter ecology of the endangered golden-cheeked warbler article