Edward W. Schafer 1972 <p><span>The acute po toxicity of 369 chemicals was determined for 1 or more species of wild birds, always including either red-winged blackbirds or starlings. Of these, 180 chemicals were toxic to 1 or more species at 100 mg/kg or less. Statistical comparison of redwing, starling and rat data indicated that redwings were more sensitive to chemicals than starlings, and both were more sensitive than rats.</span></p> application/pdf 10.1016/0041-008X(72)90151-2 en Elsevier The acute oral toxicity of 369 pesticidal, pharmaceutical and other chemicals to wild birds article