<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>R. K. Schreiber</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>J.R. Newman</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>1988</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Since the 1880s, there have been repeated reports worldwide of toxic effects to&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;wildlife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;from&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;air&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;pollution&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Incidents in North America were recorded as early as the 1920s and as recently as last year. The effects have ranged from death and injury to increased incidence of infectious diseases, and they are the result of exposure to both gaseous and particulate emissions. Compared with other threats to&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;wildlife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, for instance, pesticides, the toxicological relationship between&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;air&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;pollution&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and effects in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;wildlife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;is not well understood. Our limited understanding is based primarily on reports of symptoms observed in the field and on information extrapolated from studies in livestock and laboratory animals. Few controlled&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;wildlife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;studies, such as those that have evaluated pesticide effects, have been conducted. Current&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;air&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;quality standards cannot be assumed to protect&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;wildlife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;from the effects of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;air&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;pollution&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. This article reviews the current state of knowledge of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;air&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;pollution&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;wildlife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;toxicology&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and the continuing threat&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;air&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;pollution&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;presents to&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;wildlife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. The available information on reported effects of gaseous and particulate pollutants (i.e., sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, oxidants, arsenic, cadmium, fluoride, lead and selenium) on terrestrial&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;wildlife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, along with similar toxicological data for domestic animals, is summarized. Information on the toxic effects, tolerance levels, pathways of contamination, and risks to&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;wildlife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;from&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;air&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;pollution&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;is given, and gaps in knowledge are pointed out. Areas where research is needed are identified. Copyright © 1988 SETAC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1002/etc.5620070508</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Wiley</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Air pollution and wildlife toxicology: An overlooked problem</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>