<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:creator>Jeffrey J. Love</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2019</dc:date>
  <dc:description>In support of projects for forecasting and mitigating the deleterious eﬀects of extreme space-weather storms, an examination is made of the intensities of magnetic superstorms recorded in the Dst index time series (1957-2016). Modiﬁed peak-over-threshold and solar-cycle, block-maximum sampling of the Dst time series are performed to obtain compi-lations of storm-maximum −Dstm intensity values. Lognormal, upper-limit lognormal, generalized Pareto, and generalized extreme-value model distributions are ﬁtted to the−Dstm data using a maximum-likelihood algorithm. All four candidate models provide good representations of the data. Comparisons of the statistical signiﬁcance and good-ness of ﬁts of the various models gives no clear indication as to which model is best. The statistical models are used to extrapolate to extreme-value intensities, such as would be expected (on average) to occur once per century. An upper-limit lognormal ﬁt to peak-over-threshold −Dstm data above a superstorm threshold of 283 nT gives a 100-year ex-trapolated intensity of 542 nT and a 68% conﬁdence interval (obtained by bootstrap re-sampling) of [466, 583] nT. An upper-limit lognormal ﬁt to solar-cycle, block-maximum−DstBM data gives a 9-solar-cycle (approximately 100-year) extrapolated intensity of 553 nT. The Dst data are found to be insuﬃcient for providing usefully accurate esti-mates of a statistically theoretical upper limit for magnetic storm intensity. Secular change in storm intensities is noted, as is a need for improved estimates of pre-1957 magnetic storm intensities.</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1029/2019SW002255</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Wiley</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Some experiments in extreme-value statistical modeling of magnetic superstorm intensities</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>