R. Lopaka Lee Tom Shea Steven P. Lundblad Ken Hon Carolyn E. Parcheta Cheryl Gansecki 2019 Changes in magma chemistry that affect eruptive behavior occur during many volcanic eruptions, but typical analytical techniques are too slow to contribute to hazard monitoring. We used rapid energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis to measure diagnostic elements in lava samples within a few hours of collection during the 2018 Kīlauea eruption. The geochemical data provided important information for field crews and civil authorities in advance of changing hazards during the eruption. The appearance of hotter magma was recognized several days before the onset of voluminous eruptions of fast-moving flows that destroyed hundreds of homes. We identified, in near-real time, interactions between older, colder, stored magma – including the unexpected eruption of andesite – and hotter magma delivered during dike emplacement. application/pdf 10.1126/science.aaz0147 en American Association for the Advancement of Science The tangled tale of Kīlauea’s 2018 eruption as told by geochemical monitoring article