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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Claus Prodehl</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Nina Pavlenkova</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Walter D. Mooney</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2002</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;div&gt;&lt;p id="para10"&gt;&lt;span&gt;The purpose of this chapter is to provide a summary of the&amp;nbsp;seismic velocity structure&amp;nbsp;of the&amp;nbsp;continental lithosphere, i.e., the crust and uppermost mantle. We define the crust as the outer layer of the Earth that is separated from the underlying mantle by the Mohorovičić&amp;nbsp;discontinuity&amp;nbsp;(Moho). We adopted the usual convention of defining the seismic Moho as the level in the Earth where the seismic compressional-wave (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;-wave) velocity increases rapidly or gradually to a value greater than or equal to 7.6 km sec&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;(Steinhart, 1967), defined in the data by the so-called “&lt;i&gt;Pn&lt;/i&gt;” phase (&lt;i&gt;P-n&lt;/i&gt;ormal). Here we use the term uppermost mantle to refer to the 50–200+ km thick lithospheric mantle that forms the root of the continents and that is attached to the crust (i.e., moves with the continental plates).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p id="para20"&gt;This summary has been preceded by 90 y of intense scientific activity. Mohorovičić (1910) was the first to publish an&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="p888"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;estimate for&amp;nbsp;crustal thickness&amp;nbsp;(54 km near Zagreb, Croatia), and to describe the seismically defined boundary between the crust and mantle that now bears his name (often shortened to “the Moho”). The fact that the&amp;nbsp;oceanic crust&amp;nbsp;is significantly thinner than&amp;nbsp;continental crust&amp;nbsp;(5 km versus about 40 km) was documented 40 y later (e.g., Hersey&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;et al.,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;1952). Numerous later studies demonstrated that the continental crust varies in thickness from about 15 km to greater than 70 km beneath the Tibet plateau.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Jarchow and Thompson (1989)&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;provide a useful summary of early crustal studies, and&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Table 1&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;provides additional references. We emphasize results from active-source&amp;nbsp;seismic refraction&amp;nbsp;profiles that provide detailed&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;-wave velocity information. The shear-wave (&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;-wave) structure of the crust and uppermost mantle, as determined by surface waves, is discussed, for example, by Ekström&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;(1997) and Ritzwoller&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;(1998).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1016/S0074-6142(02)80261-3</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Elsevier</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Seismic velocity structure of the continental lithosphere from controlled source data</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>