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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>J. J. Geraghty</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>J. E. Upson</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Nathaniel M. Perlmutter</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>1959</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;An investigation of the geology and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;ground&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;conditions&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;a part of southwestern&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;Long&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;Island&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, including the construction of 8 deep and 5 shallow test and observation wells, has been completed by the Geological Survey&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;cooperation with the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;Nassau&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;County&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Department of Public Works and the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;New&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;York&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;State&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;Water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Power and Control Commission.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;In&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;this area are four main&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-bearing units of Late Cretaceous and Pleistocene age.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;Ground&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;having a higher than normal salt content is encountered&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;some wells that penetrate the upper three units. Although the presence of this&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;constitutes a potential threat, existing&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;fresh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;supplies apparently are&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;little immediate danger under present conditions. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The "&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;salty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;"&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;ground&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;has chloride concentrations ranging from about 40 to 18,000 ppm (parts per million), generally more than about 2,000 ppm. It occurs&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;several bodies, seaward of and beneath the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;fresh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;the respective aquifers, and is&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;contact with the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;fresh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;through zones of diffusion. The largest salt-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;body, confined under artesian pressure, is&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;the Jameco gravel and the Magothy (?) formation beneath extreme southwestern&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;Nassau&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;County&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and adjoining&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;southeastern&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;Queens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;County&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. This body is thought to have occupied a substantial part of its present extent since at least 1895. It probably has been and is now encroaching, very slowly, because of increased pumping from the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;fresh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;bodies and possibly as a result of a postglacial rise of sea level. The rate of encroachment under present conditions probably is less than 100 feet per year. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Application of the Ghyben-Herzberg principle to compute depths to the contact between&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;salty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;fresh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;ground&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;was found to give erroneous results. More accurate depths and a clearer understanding of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;relation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;between heads&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;adjoining bodies of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;fresh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;salty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;ground&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; are obtained by use of a formula adapted from one given by M. King Hubbert.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.2113/gsecongeo.54.3.416</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Society of Economic Geologists</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>The relation between fresh and salty ground water in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens counties, Long Island, New York</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>