Ali M Bramson Kris Zacny Colin M. Dundas Lujendra Ojha Oded Aharonson Eran Vos Don R Hood A. Deanne Rogers Joseph S. Levy Peter Doran Kathleen Mandt Jack Wilson Emily B Hughes Heidi Fuqua-Haviland Jeffrey Moersch Scott M. Perl Dewan E. Haque J. R. Skok Harish S. Vijayan A. Bhardwaj Brent Christner Hanna Sizemore A Kereszturi Norbert Schorghofer Kurt Retherford Paul Niles Juan Manuel Lorenzo Katherine Mesick Heather Franz Jose Rodriguez-Manfredi Daniel Coupland Peter Bertone Suniti Karunatillake 2021 The GANGOTRI mission concept would investigate in situ the geologic origins of midlatitudinal Martian glaciers, as underlain by Amazonian climate evolution, by riddling the ice with a hybrid thermo-mechanical drill for deep englacial sampling. GANGOTRI would use regolith compositional measurements to characterize ice-regolith interaction, and stable isotope measurements to characterize fundamental exchange processes of major ice reservoirs. Meanwhile, geophysical observations would cross-calibrate composition. application/pdf 10.3847/25c2cfeb.a3d8d8e9 en National Academy of Sciences GANGOTRI mission concept on the glacial key to the Amazonian climate of Mars reports