Vanessa R. von Biela Stephen D. McCormick Sarah M. Laske Michael P. Carey Shannon C. Waters-Dynes Lizabeth Bowen Randy J Brown Sean Larson Christian E. Zimmerman Daniel S. Donnelly 2020 <p class="chapter-para">Manipulative experiments provide stronger evidence for identifying cause-and-effect relationships than correlative studies, but protocols for implementing temperature manipulations are lacking for large species in remote settings. We developed an experimental protocol for holding adult Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) and exposing them to elevated temperature treatments. The goal of the experimental protocol was to validate heat stress biomarkers by increasing river water temperature from ambient (~14°C) to a treatment temperature of 18°C or 21°C and then maintain the treatment temperature over 4 hours within a range of ±1.0°C. Our protocol resulted in a mean rate of temperature rise of 3.71°C&nbsp;h-1 (SD = 1.31) to treatment temperatures and mean holding temperatures of 18.0°C (SD = 0.2) and 21.0°C (SD = 0.2) in the low- and high-heat treatments, respectively. Our work demonstrated that manipulative experiments with large, mobile study species can be successfully developed in remote locations to examine thermal stress.</p> application/pdf 10.1093/conphys/coaa074 en Oxford Academic A manipulative thermal challenge protocol for adult salmonids in remote field settings article