Michelle Hallenbeck
Felix Beulig
Maria Fabisch
Kirsten Kusel
Jessica L Keffer
Tanja Woyke
Nicole Shapiro
Alla Lapidus
Hans-Peter Klenk
Clara Chan
Shuang-Jiang Liu
Denise M. Akob
2020
<p><span>Natural attenuation of heavy metals occurs via coupled microbial iron cycling and metal precipitation in creeks impacted by acid mine drainage (AMD). Here, we describe the isolation, characterization, and genomic sequencing of two iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) species: </span><i><span id="named-content-1" class="named-content genus-species">Thiomonas ferrovorans</span></i><span> FB-6 and </span><i><span id="named-content-2" class="named-content genus-species">Thiomonas metallidurans</span></i><span> FB-Cd, isolated from slightly acidic (pH 6.3), Fe-rich, AMD-impacted creek sediments. These strains precipitated amorphous iron oxides, lepidocrocite, goethite, and magnetite or maghemite and grew at a pH optimum of 5.5. While </span><i>Thiomonas</i><span> spp. are known as mixotrophic sulfur oxidizers and As oxidizers, the FB strains oxidized Fe, which suggests they can efficiently remove Fe and other metals via coprecipitation. Previous evidence for </span><i>Thiomonas</i><span> sp. Fe oxidation is largely ambiguous, possibly because of difficulty demonstrating Fe oxidation in heterotrophic/mixotrophic organisms. Therefore, we also conducted a genomic analysis to identify genetic mechanisms of Fe oxidation, other metal transformations, and additional adaptations, comparing the two FB strain genomes with 12 other </span><i>Thiomonas</i><span> genomes. The FB strains fall within a relatively novel group of </span><i>Thiomonas</i><span> strains that includes another strain (b6) with solid evidence of Fe oxidation. Most </span><i>Thiomonas</i><span> isolates, including the FB strains, have the putative iron oxidation gene </span><i>cyc2</i><span>, but only the two FB strains possess the putative Fe oxidase genes </span><i>mtoAB</i><span>. The two FB strain genomes contain the highest numbers of strain-specific gene clusters, greatly increasing the known </span><i>Thiomonas</i><span> genetic potential. Our results revealed that the FB strains are two distinct novel species of </span><i>Thiomonas</i><span> with the genetic potential for bioremediation of AMD via iron oxidation.</span></p>
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10.1128/AEM.01424-20
en
American Society for Microbiology
Mixotrophic iron-oxidizing Thiomonas isolates from an acid mine drainage-affected creek
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