<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:creator>E. Roedder</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>1963</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Aqueous and non-aqueous&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;inclusions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in 84 samples of various minerals from a wide range of geologic environments were studied with the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;freezing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;stage in order to gain an insight into the range of concentrations and compositions of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;fluid&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;inclusions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;Inclusions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in most Mississippi Valley-type ore minerals contain highly concentrated saline solutions, showing&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;freezing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;temperatures between -23.4° and -10.5° C; minerals from ore deposits of more typically hydrothermal affiliations mainly show temperatures of -9.4° to nearly 0° C; and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;inclusions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in quartz crystals from sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rock environments show a wide range of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;freezing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;temperatures.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;Inclusions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in pegmatite minerals in particular vary over a wide range, from the most concentrated solutions found in any&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;inclusion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&amp;gt; 40% salts) to fairly dilute solutions (&amp;lt; 5% salts). Most&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;inclusions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in quartz from Swiss Alpine-type veins, and from Brazilian quartz veins and pegmatites, show&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;freezing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;temperatures in the range -8.5° to -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;.5°, and considerable free C02. Other geologic environments sampled include Colombian emerald, pegmatitic topaz and fluorite, the Triassic traprock zeolite assemblage, and sedimentary halite beds. Not all the phenomena exhibited by&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;inclusions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;at low temperature are completely understood at present but several crystalline hydrate phases, such as NaCl-2H,0 and CO,-5%H,0 (structural formula 8C02-46H20), are shown to be stable in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;inclusions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;of appropriate composition even at temperatures above 0° C, and probably exist in the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;inclusions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in natural rocks in polar regions. More significantly, the formation and recognition of such phases aid in establishing the gross composition of individual&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;inclusions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;far too small for chemical analysis. The&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;data&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;obtained are useful in a variety of ways, such as: discriminating among gas, liquid, and supercritical&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;fluid&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, and among liquid water, liquid oil, and liquid C02 in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;inclusions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;; improving precision of the pressure corrections applied to&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;inclusion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;filling temperature determinations; proving the general lack of leakage into or out of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;inclusions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;; estimating the minimum pressure at the time of deposition of certain samples; verifying the lack of extraneous solid crystallization nuclei in the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="ScopusTermHighlight"&gt;inclusions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and hence their formation from exceedingly quiet, clean solutions; determining the total equivalent NaCl concentrations and some information concerning the composition of the fluids from which ores have formed; and determining changes in the composition of the fluids bathing a single crystal during its growth, and at certain times throughout its history.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.2113/gsecongeo.58.2.167</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Society of Economic Geologists</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Studies of fluid inclusions; [Part] 2, Freezing data and their interpretation</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>