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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Jennifer L Larson</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Amy Symstad</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Deborah A. Buhl</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Zachary M. Portman</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Diane L. Larson</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2021</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;div class="abstract-group"&gt;&lt;div class="article-section__content en main"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Network analyses rarely include fitness components, such as germination, to tie invasive plants to population-level effects on the natives. We address this limitation in a previously studied network of flower visitors around a suite of native and invasive plants that includes an endemic plant at Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Eriogonum visheri&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;coflowers with two abundant invasive plants,&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Salsola tragus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Melilotus officinalis&lt;/i&gt;, as well as a common congener,&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. pauciflorum&lt;/i&gt;. Network analyses had suggested strong linkages between&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. visheri&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. tragus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. pauciflorum&lt;/i&gt;, with a weaker link to&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;M. officinalis&lt;/i&gt;. We measured visitation, pollen deposited on stigmas, achene weight and germination over three field seasons (two for germination) in four populations (two in the final season) of&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. visheri&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and applied in situ pollen treatments to&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. visheri&lt;/i&gt;, adding pollen from other flowers on the same plant; flowers on other&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. visheri&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;plants;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. tragus, M. officinalis&lt;/i&gt;, or&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. pauciflorum&lt;/i&gt;; open pollination; or excluding pollinators. Insect visitation to&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. visheri&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;was not affected by floral abundance of any of the focal species. Most visitors were halictid bees; one of these (&lt;i&gt;Lasioglossum packeri&lt;/i&gt;) was the only identified species to visit&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. visheri&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;all three years. Ninety-seven percent of pollen on collected&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. visheri&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;stigmas was conspecific, but 22% of flowers had &amp;gt;1 grain of&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. pauciflorum&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;pollen on stigmas and 7% had &amp;gt;1 grain of&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;S. tragus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;pollen; &amp;lt;1% of flowers had&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;M. officinalis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;pollen on stigmas. None of the pollen treatments produced significant differences in weight or germination of&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. visheri&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;achenes. We conclude that, in contrast to the results of the network analysis, neither of the invasive species poses a threat, via heterospecific pollen deposition, to pollination of the endemic&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;E. visheri&lt;/i&gt;, and that its congener provides alternative pollen resources to its pollinators.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1002/ece3.7375</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Wiley</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Coflowering invasive plants and a congener have neutral effects on fitness components of a rare endemic plant</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>