Craig S. Hulse Carol U. Meteyer Clifford P. Rice Nimish B. Vyas 2013 <div class="article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section "><p>Concerns about avian poisonings from anticoagulant rodenticides have traditionally focused on secondary poisoning of raptors exposed by feeding on contaminated mammalian prey. However, ground foraging songbirds can be directly poisoned from operational applications of the anticoagulant rodenticide Rozol® (0.005% chlorophacinone, active ingredient) applied as a grain bait, at black-tailed prairie dog<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Cynomys ludovicianus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>colonies. A dead western meadowlark<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Sturnella neglecta</i><span>&nbsp;</span>recovered from the study prairie dog colony displayed hemorrhaging in brain and pectoral muscle tissue, and it contained chlorophacinone residue concentrations of 0.59 and 0.49&nbsp;µg/g (wet weight) in the liver and intestinal contents, respectively. Chlorophacinone residues from two Rozol-colored songbird droppings found at the study colony were 0.09 and 0.46&nbsp;µg/g (wet weight). The timing of the meadowlark mortality and the occurrence of discolored droppings show that songbird exposure and poisoning can occur weeks after a Rozol application.</p></div> application/pdf 10.3996/052012-JFWM-042 en Allen Press Evidence of songbird intoxication from Rozol application at a black-tailed prairie dog colony article