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<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Gabriel B. Senay</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>MacKenzie Friedrichs</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Matthew Schauer</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Olena Boiko</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Lei Ji</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2021</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Kansas is one of the most productive agricultural states in the United States, where&amp;nbsp;agricultural irrigation&amp;nbsp;is a primary user of underground and surface water. Because of low precipitation and declining groundwater levels in western and central Kansas, sustainable management of irrigation water resources is a critical issue in the agricultural productivity of the state. The objective of this study is to analyze and characterize the water use and water balance in the croplands of Kansas using satellite observations,&amp;nbsp;meteorological data, and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;irrigation water use records. We used actual&amp;nbsp;evapotranspiration&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;ETa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;), precipitation, soil moisture, and irrigation water use to calculate water balance for Kansas in 2015 at scales of counties, climatic divisions, and&amp;nbsp;groundwater management&amp;nbsp;districts (GMD). The Operational Simplified&amp;nbsp;Surface Energy&amp;nbsp;Balance model was implemented to estimate 30-m resolution&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;ETa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Results showed that the seasonal (May – September) precipitation,&amp;nbsp;soil water storage&amp;nbsp;change, and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;ETa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;are 528&amp;nbsp;mm, 80&amp;nbsp;mm, and 555&amp;nbsp;mm, respectively, on average of all croplands in the state. The annual net irrigation water consumption was 293&amp;nbsp;mm for irrigated croplands, indicating that irrigation water constitutes an substantial portion of the water supply in the state. The total volumetric irrigation water use was 3.24&amp;nbsp;km&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;for all croplands within five GMDs in western and south-central Kansas, while only 0.38&amp;nbsp;km&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;was outside of GMDs. The multiple regression models of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;ETa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;against precipitation and irrigation water use were statistically significant with&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;values of 0.71 and 0.87, respectively, at county and climate division scales. Regression models also indicated a higher rate of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;ETa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;response to irrigation water use than that to precipitation. Our study demonstrated the spatial patterns of crop water use and water balance in Kansas, which could provide useful information for management of irrigation agriculture and water resources for the state.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107106</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Elsevier</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Characterization of water use and water balance for the croplands of Kansas using satellite, climate, and irrigation data</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>