Joanna Freeland Ping Gong Xin Guan Nathan E Harms Kurt P. Kowalski Richard F. Lance Dong-Ha Oh Bradley T Sartain Douglas L Wendell Denise L. Lindsay 2023 <div id="abstracts" class="Abstracts u-font-serif"><div id="ab0010" class="abstract author"><div id="abs0010"><p id="sp0115"><i>Phragmites australis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>subsp.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>australis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is an invasive and ecologically detrimental plant in multiple regions of North America. Its co-occurrence with the native subspecies, and multiple instances of hybridization, has created the need to differentiate<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Phragmites</i><span>&nbsp;</span>subspecies or haplotypes so that management can be appropriately targeted to the invader. We compiled a review of current genetic discrimination methods among the three<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Phragmites</i><span>&nbsp;</span>subspecies inhabiting the United States and Canada, and discussed how each method can contribute to control of the introduced subspecies while preserving the two endemic subspecies. We also discussed various control tools and the implications of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Phragmites</i><span>&nbsp;</span>genetics for implementation. The<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Phragmites</i><span>&nbsp;</span>subspecies endemic to North America have environmental or infrastructure significance (e.g., habitat sustainability, biodiversity, storm surge and erosion protection). Thus, faster and more accurate differentiation among the endemic and introduced subspecies is needed. Additionally, more in-depth genetic information on<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Phragmites</i><span>&nbsp;</span>subspecies could support better management decisions, as well as the development of improved control treatments. This review highlights technologies and approaches currently available for genetic identification, recently collected genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic information, and implications for biological control and herbicide treatments.</p></div></div></div> application/pdf 10.1016/j.aquabot.2022.103589 en Elsevier Genetic analysis of North American Phragmites australis guides management approaches article