Philip A. Townsend David Schimel Ali M Assiri Pamela L. Blake Maria Fabrizia Buongiorno Petya Campbell Nimrod Carmon Kimberly Ann Casey Rosa Elvira Correa-Pabon Kyla M. Dahlin Hamid Dashti Philip Dennison Heidi Dierrsen Adam Erickson Joshua B. Fisher Robert Frouin Charles K. Gatebe Hamed Gholizadeh Michelle M. Gierach Nancy F. Glenn James A. Goodman Daniel Mark Griffith Liane Guild Christopher R. Hakkenberg Eric J. Hochberg Thomas R.H. Holmes Chaunmin Hu Glynn Hulley Karl F. Huemmrich Raphael M. Kudela Raymond F. Kokaly Christine M. Lee Roberta E. Martin Charles E. Miller Wesley J. Moses Frank E. Muller-Karger Joseph P. Ortiz Daniel B. Otis Nima Pahlevan Thomas H. Painter Ryan Pavlick Benjamin Poulter Yi Qi Vincent J. Realmuto Dar A. Roberts Michael E. Schaepman Fabian D Schneider Florian M. Schwandner Shawn P. Serbin Alexey N. Shiklomanov E. Natasha Stavros David R. Thompson Juan L. Torres-Perez Kevin R. Turpie Maria Tzortziou Susan L. Ustin Qian Yu Yusri Yusup Qingyuan Zhang The SBG Algorithms Working Group Community Kerry Cawse-Nicholson 2021 <div id="abstracts" class="Abstracts u-font-gulliver text-s"><div id="ab0005" class="abstract author" lang="en"><div id="as0005"><p id="sp0085">The 2017–2027 National Academies' Decadal Survey,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Thriving on Our Changing Planet</i><span>, recommended Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) as a “Designated Targeted Observable” (DO). The SBG DO is based on the need for capabilities to acquire global,&nbsp;high spatial resolution, visible to shortwave infrared (VSWIR; 380–2500&nbsp;nm; ~30&nbsp;m pixel resolution) hyperspectral (imaging spectroscopy) and multispectral midwave and thermal infrared (MWIR: 3–5&nbsp;μm; TIR: 8–12&nbsp;μm; ~60&nbsp;m pixel resolution) measurements with sub-monthly temporal revisits over terrestrial, freshwater, and coastal marine habitats. To address the various mission design needs, an SBG Algorithms Working Group of multidisciplinary researchers has been formed to review and evaluate the algorithms applicable to the SBG DO across a wide range of Earth science disciplines, including terrestrial and&nbsp;aquatic ecology,&nbsp;atmospheric science, geology, and hydrology. Here, we summarize current state-of-the-practice VSWIR and TIR algorithms that use airborne or orbital spectral imaging observations to address the SBG DO priorities identified by the Decadal Survey: (i) terrestrial vegetation physiology, functional traits, and health; (ii) inland and coastal&nbsp;aquatic ecosystems&nbsp;physiology, functional traits, and health; (iii) snow and ice accumulation, melting, and&nbsp;albedo; (iv) active surface composition (eruptions, landslides, evolving landscapes, hazard risks); (v) effects of changing land use on&nbsp;surface energy, water, momentum, and&nbsp;carbon fluxes; and (vi) managing agriculture, natural habitats, water use/quality, and urban development. We review existing algorithms in the following categories: snow/ice,&nbsp;aquatic environments, geology, and terrestrial vegetation, and summarize the community-state-of-practice in each category. This effort synthesizes the findings of more than 130 scientists.</span></p></div></div></div><ul id="issue-navigation" class="issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1"></ul> application/pdf 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112349 en Elsevier NASA's surface biology and geology designated observable: A perspective on surface imaging algorithms article