Victoria Christensen
Jennifer L. Graham
Jane S. Rogosch
Barry H. Rosen
Reynaldo Patino
2023
<div class="html-p">Cyanobacteria are the most common toxigenic algae in inland waters. Their toxins can affect the health of aquatic and terrestrial organisms, including humans. Other algal groups, such as haptophytes (e.g.,<span> </span><span class="html-italic">Prymnesium parvum</span>) and euglenoids (e.g.,<span> </span><span class="html-italic">Euglena sanguinea</span>), can also form harmful algal blooms (HABs) whose toxins cause injury to aquatic biota but currently have no known effects on human health.<span> </span><span class="html-italic">Prymnesium parvum</span>, however, is responsible for some of the worst HAB-related ecological disasters recorded in inland waters. Here, we provide an overview of the primary toxigenic algae found in U.S. inland waters: cyanobacteria (planktonic forms),<span> </span><span class="html-italic">P. parvum</span>, and<span> </span><span class="html-italic">E. sanguinea</span><span> </span>with the objective of describing their similarities and differences in the areas of HAB ecology, algal toxins, and the potential for future range expansion of HABs. A detailed account of bloom habitats and their known associations with land cover and use is provided from the perspective of water quality. This review revealed that salinity may have an influence on inland cyanobacterial blooms and cyanotoxins that had not been fully recognized previously.</div>
application/pdf
10.3390/w15152808
en
MDPI
Toxic algae in inland waters of the conterminous United States—A review and synthesis
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