<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Michael G. Iacchetta</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Holly J. Puglis</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2024</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;div id="article__content" class="col-sm-12 col-md-8 col-lg-8 article__content article-row-left"&gt;&lt;div class="article__body "&gt;&lt;div class="abstract-group "&gt;&lt;div class="article-section__content en main"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Long-term wildland fire retardants are one important tool used to control and suppress wildfires. During suppression activities, these retardants may enter waterbodies; thus, there is a need to understand their potential effects to aquatic biota. We investigated the effect of three current-use wildland fire retardants to juvenile rainbow trout (&lt;i&gt;Oncorhynchus mykiss)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;survival in short exposures more realistic to actual intrusion scenarios. Lethal effect concentrations decreased with time and varied among chemicals (LC95A-R &amp;gt; 259-Fx &amp;gt; MVP-Fx). The lowest effect concentrations observed were 2 to 10 times above the threshold used by federal agencies to assess potential impacts to aquatic organisms following a retardant intrusion. These data can be used by resource managers to balance wildfire control with potential environmental impacts of retardant use.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1002/etc.5791</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Toxicity of wildland fire retardants to rainbow trout in short exposures</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>