<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Dean E. Biggins</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Shantini Ramakrishnan</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Jonathan W. Bowser</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Courtney J. Conway</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>David A. Eads</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Jeffrey Wimsatt</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Amanda R. Goldberg</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2024</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context:&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Vector-borne diseases have caused global pandemics and were responsible for more human deaths than all other causes combined in prior centuries. In the past 60&amp;nbsp;years, prevention and control programs have helped reduce human mortality from vector-borne diseases, but impacts of those control programs on wildlife populations are not well documented. Insecticides are used to reduce vector-borne diseases in several critically endangered animal populations. Although insecticides are often effective at controlling targeted vectors, their effects on non-target species have rarely been examined.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims:&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate the impact of deltamethrin (an insecticide) on sympatric non-target species in areas affected by sylvatic plague, a lethal flea-borne zoonosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;We compared flea control and the effect of deltamethrin application on survival of non-target small mammals (&lt;i&gt;Peromyscus maniculatus&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Chaetodipus hispidus&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Microtus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;spp., and&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Reithrodontomys megalotis&lt;/i&gt;) at three study locations in South Dakota, Colorado, and Idaho, USA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key results:&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Deltamethrin treatments were more effective in reducing fleas on&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;P. maniculatus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Microtus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;spp. than&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;C. hispidus&lt;/i&gt;. Following burrow, nest, and bait-station applications of deltamethrin dust, apparent small mammal survival was greater for non-treatment animals than for flea-reduction animals. However, the magnitude of the difference between treated and non-treated animals differed among host species, study location, time interval, and treatment application method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Our results suggest that considering the impact of deltamethrin on co-occurring non-target species before widespread application in future insecticide applications is warranted.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Implications:&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Insecticide application methods warrant consideration when designing plague management actions.&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1071/WR21153</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>CSIRO Publishing</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Deltamethrin reduces survival of non-target small mammals</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>