<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Arun Ammayappan</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Shamila Yusuff</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Tarin M. Tesfaye</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Gael Kurath</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Vikram N. Vakharia</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2024</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) are rhabdoviruses in two different species belonging to the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="html-italic"&gt;Novirhabdovirus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;genus. IHNV has a narrow host range restricted to trout and salmon species, and viruses in the M genogroup of IHNV have high virulence in rainbow trout (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="html-italic"&gt;Oncorhynchus mykiss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;). In contrast, the VHSV genotype IVb that invaded the Great Lakes in the United States has a broad host range, with high virulence in yellow perch (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="html-italic"&gt;Perca flavescens&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;), but not in rainbow trout. By using reverse-genetic systems of IHNV-M and VHSV-IVb strains, we generated six IHNV:VHSV chimeric viruses in which the glycoprotein (G), non-virion-protein (NV), or both G and NV genes of IHNV-M were replaced with the analogous genes from VHSV-IVb, and vice versa. These chimeric viruses were used to challenge groups of rainbow trout and yellow perch. The parental recombinants rIHNV-M and rVHSV-IVb were highly virulent in rainbow trout and yellow perch, respectively. Parental rIHNV-M was avirulent in yellow perch, and chimeric rIHNV carrying G, NV, or G and NV genes from VHSV-IVb remained low in virulence in yellow perch. Similarly, the parental rVHSV-IVb exhibited low virulence in rainbow trout, and chimeric rVHSV with substituted G, NV, or G and NV genes from IHNV-M remained avirulent in rainbow trout. Thus, the G and NV genes of either virus were not sufficient to confer high host-specific virulence when exchanged into a heterologous species genome. Some exchanges of G and/or NV genes caused a loss of host-specific virulence, providing insights into possible roles in viral virulence or fitness, and interactions between viral proteins.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.3390/v16040652</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>MDPI</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Heterologous exchanges of glycoprotein and non-virion protein in novirhabdoviruses: Assessment of virlence in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>