<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Lance E. Durfey</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Michael T. Calloway</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Stephen J. Smith</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Justin R. Schueller</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Gary N. Neuderfer</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2024</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Previous research evaluated the toxicity of the lampricide 4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol (TFM) and the combination of TFM with 1&amp;nbsp;% niclosamide (TFM:1%Nic) to multiple non-target species in the Laurentian Great Lakes. However, few toxicity studies have been conducted for species of concern in Lake Champlain (NY and VT). We conducted 12-hour flow-through toxicity tests with 4 species of native mussels, 6 species of fish, and 1 amphibian species. All tests included exposure of invasive larval&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Petromyzon marinus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(sea lamprey) and were conducted with concentrations that bracketed the predicted minimum lethal concentration required to control larval sea lamprey. Mussel species’ NOEC, LOEC, LC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;25&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;, and LC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;values ranged from 1.33 to 2.12, 1.71–2.66, 1.75–3.05, and 2.03–4.84 times field determined LC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;99.9&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;s for sea lamprey (×SL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;LC99.9&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;) in TFM-only toxicity tests, and from 1.36 to 1.70, 1.68–2.03, 1.86–2.10, and 2.35–2.68&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;SL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;LC99.9&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;for TFM:1%Nic toxicity tests, respectively. Fish species NOEC, LOEC, LC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;25&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;, and LC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;values ranged from 0.60 to 1.89, 0.73–2.13, 0.72–2.11, and 0.76–2.18&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;SL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;LC99.9&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in TFM-only toxicity tests, and from 0.64 to 2.48, 0.85–3.10, 0.74–3.05, and 0.78–3.16&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;SL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;LC99.9&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;for TFM:1%Nic toxicity tests, respectively. Amphibian species NOEC, LOEC, LC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;25&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;, and LC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;values ranged from 0.74 to 0.75, 0.85–0.95, 0.83–0.87, and 0.85–0.91&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;SL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;LC99.9&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in TFM-only toxicity tests, and from 0.63 to 0.65, 0.80–0.88, 0.77–0.82, and 0.78–0.87&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;SL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;LC99.9&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;for TFM:1%Nic toxicity tests, respectively. Generally, mussel species were tolerant, fish sensitivities were variable, and the amphibian species was sensitive to TFM and TFM:1%Nic.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102422</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Elsevier</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Acute toxicity of lampricides to non-target species of concern in the Lake Champlain watershed</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>