<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:contributor>Todd J. Severson</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Jeremy K. Wise</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Matthew Meulemans</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Kevin Kelly</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Sherri Pucherelli</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor>Diane L. Waller</dc:contributor>
  <dc:creator>Matthew T. Barbour</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2025</dc:date>
  <dc:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The efficacy of carbon dioxide (CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;) to reduce biofouling by quagga mussels (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Dreissena rostriformis bugensis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;) in raw water systems was investigated. Experiments were conducted in a mobile laboratory located at Bureau of Reclamation Davis Dam Hydropower Facility and supplied with raw water from Lake Mohave, a reservoir of the Colorado River, USA. Incoming water was split between five chambers, each infused with CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;at a different rate. Raw reservoir water containing quagga larvae (veligers) was mixed with CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;chamber outflows and delivered to tanks containing settlement plates. Two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 tested continuous infusion at target concentrations of 30, 45, 60, 75, and 100 mg L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;dCO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;(dissolved CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;). Experiment 2 evaluated intermittent infusion schedules: 24 h on/off with 50, 75, and 100 mg L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;dCO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and 24 h once/week with 100 mg L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;dCO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;. In Experiment 1, the percent settlement decreased with mean CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;concentration, ranging from 5.0% to &amp;lt; 0.1% in 28.7 and 92.2 mg L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;dCO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;, respectively. In Experiment 2, the efficacy of 24 h on/off at dCO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;gt; 72.2 mg L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;was similar to continuous treatment. The least effective treatment was 24 h once weekly at 95 mg L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;dCO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;. These results demonstrate that CO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;treatment may reduce mussel biofouling in raw water systems.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>10.1080/08927014.2025.2468282</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en</dc:language>
  <dc:publisher>Taylor &amp; Francis</dc:publisher>
  <dc:title>Carbon dioxide infusion reduces invasive mussel biofouling (quagga mussel; Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) in raw water systems</dc:title>
  <dc:type>article</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>